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Petr Chelčický
Peter Chelcicky or Petr Chelčický〔The name may also be seen as Peter Chelciki, Peter Chelciky, Peter Chelcicky, Peter Chelcický, Petrus Cheltschitzky, Peter of Chelcic, Peter Helchitsky, et al..〕 ((:ˈpɛtr̩ ˈxɛltʃɪtskiː)) (c. 1390 – c. 1460) was a Christian spiritual leader and author in 15th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). He was one of the most influential thinkers of the Bohemian Reformation.
His published works concentrated on critique of immorality and violence of the contemporary church and state. He proposed a number of Bible-based improvements for human society, including nonresistance, which influenced such luminaries as Tolstoy, Gandhi, and M.L.King. Paradoxically, the main part of the Hussite movement rejected his teachings against nonviolence and avoiding politics, which led to much violence among the Hussite movement in the end. Chelcicky's teachings laid the foundation of the Unity of the Brethren.
==Chelčický's background==
Petr Chelčický is thought to have been born in southern Bohemia in about 1390, although one theory puts his birth as early as 1374.〔Molnár, Enrico C. S. ''A Study of Peter Chelcický’s Life and a Translation from Czech of Part One of his Net of Faith''. Berkeley, CA: Pacific School of Religion, 1947.〕 Very little is known about his personal history. Different historians have called him a serf, an independent farmer, a squire, a nobleman, a cobbler, a priest, and a Waldensian.〔Wagner, Murray L. ''Petr Chelcický, A Radical Separatist in Hussite Bohemia''. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press, 1983.〕 On one occasion, Chelčický called himself a peasant, but this description is at odds with his ability to live in Prague from 1419–1421, his rudimentary knowledge of Latin, and the time he was able to devote to literary, political, and religious pursuits. It is certain that he was unusually literate for a medieval man without a regular academic education. After 1421 he lived and farmed in the village of Chelčice, near Vodňany. He produced 56 known works, but the majority remain unpublished and inaccessible except in the original manuscripts.〔Petru, Eduard. ''Soupis díla Petra Chelčického''. Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, 1957.〕 His thinking was influenced by Thomas of Štítný, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and the Waldensian tradition.〔See Molnár.〕 He died around 1460.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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